Net ecosystem CO_2 exchange and controlling factors in a steppe——Kobresia meadow on the Tibetan Plateau     

《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,(Z2)

Knowledge of seasonal variation of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and its biotic and abiotic controllers will further our understanding of carbon cycling process, mechanism and large-scale modelling. Eddy covariance technique was used to measure NEE, biotic and abiotic factors for nearly 3 years in the hinterland alpine steppe--Korbresia meadow grassland on the Tibetan Plateau, the present highest fluxnet station in the world. The main objectives are to investigate dynamics of NEE and its components and to determine the major controlling factors. Maximum carbon assimilation took place in August and maximum carbon loss occurred in November. In June, rainfall amount due to monsoon climate played a great role in grass greening and consequently influenced interannual variation of ecosystem carbon gain. From July through September, monthly NEE presented net carbon assimilation. In other months, ecosystem exhibited carbon loss. In growing season, daytime NEE was mainly controlled by photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). In addition, leaf area index (LAI) interacted with PAR and together modulated NEE rates. Ecosystem respiration was controlled mainly by soil temperature and simultaneously by soil moisture. Q10 was negatively correlated with soil temperature but positively correlated with soil moisture. Large daily range of air temperature is not necessary to enhance carbon gain. Standard respiration rate at referenced 10℃(R10) was positively correlated with soil moisture, soil temperature, LAI and aboveground biomass. Rainfall patterns in growing season markedly influenced soil moisture and therefore soil moisture controlled seasonal change of ecosystem respiration. Pulse rainfall in the beginning and at the end of growing season induced great ecosystem respiration and consequently a great amount of carbon was lost. Short growing season and relative low temperature restrained alpine grass vegetation development. The results suggested that LAI be usually in a low level and carbon uptake be relatively low. Rainfall patterns in the growing season and pulse rainfall in the beginning and at end of growing season control ecosystem respiration and consequently influence carbon balance of ecosystem.  相似文献   

一次东风波及其诱生低涡发生发展的诊断和数值试验     

郑峰 《气象科学》2006,26(3):323-327

利用NCEP 1x1再分析资料诊断2001年8月3~4日发生在浙南闽北的东风波及其诱生中尺度低涡的暴雨过程。根据螺旋度(Helicity)分析了过程中的暴雨演变以及雁荡山脉[1]诱生中尺度低涡发生发展的原因。同时,利用中尺度有限区域模式MM5V2对该东风波诱生中尺度低涡进行模拟。结果表明:螺旋度大值中心和锋区的强度和位置的演变较好反映了暴雨落区和中尺度低涡的诱生、移动。螺旋度的时空演变对暴雨发生有很好的预示意义,高、低层螺旋度的低层正值辐合与高层负值辐散的配置是引起降水的重要机制;螺旋度计算较中尺度模式诱生低涡的初生位置、路径预报准确率高,两者集成可以提高诱生低涡的预报准确率。  相似文献   

Buoyancy and The Sensible Heat Flux Budget Within Dense Canopies   总被引：1，自引：8，他引：1  

D. Cava  G. G. Katul  A. Scrimieri  D. Poggi  A. Cescatti  U. Giostra 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2006,118(1):217-240

In contrast to atmospheric surface-layer (ASL) turbulence, a linear relationship between turbulent heat fluxes (F_T) and vertical gradients of mean air temperature within canopies is frustrated by numerous factors, including local variation in heat sources and sinks and large-scale eddy motion whose signature is often linked with the ejection-sweep cycle. Furthermore, how atmospheric stability modifies such a relationship remains poorly understood, especially in stable canopy flows. To date, no explicit model exists for relating F_T to the mean air temperature gradient, buoyancy, and the statistical properties of the ejection-sweep cycle within the canopy volume. Using third-order cumulant expansion methods (CEM) and the heat flux budget equation, a “diagnostic” analytical relationship that links ejections and sweeps and the sensible heat flux for a wide range of atmospheric stability classes is derived. Closure model assumptions that relate scalar dissipation rates with sensible heat flux, and the validity of CEM in linking ejections and sweeps with the triple scalar-velocity correlations, were tested for a mixed hardwood forest in Lavarone, Italy. We showed that when the heat sources (S_T) and F_T have the same sign (i.e. the canopy is heating and sensible heat flux is positive), sweeps dominate the sensible heat flux. Conversely, if S_T and F_T are opposite in sign, standard gradient-diffusion closure model predict that ejections must dominate the sensible heat flux.  相似文献   

Western Pacific Jet Stream Anomalies at 200 hPa in Winter Associated with Oceanic Surface Heating and Transient Eddy Activity   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

REN Xuejuan  ZHANG Yaocun 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2007,21(3):277-289

The relationships between the 200-hPa westerly jet stream anomalies over the East Asian coastal water- western Pacific(WPJS),and the oceanic surface heating and synoptic-scale transient eddy(STE)activity anomalies over the North Pacific in wintertime are examined by using ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.The analysis demonstrates that the surface heating and the STE anomalies have different patterns, corresponding to the three WPJS anomalous modes,respectively.In the first WPJS anomalous mode,the WPJS main part shows no robust anomaly.The anomalous westerly wind,occurring over the mid-latitude central-eastern Pacific past the date line is associated with the anomalous heating presenting both in the tropical central-eastern Pacific past the date line and the center of the North Pacific basin.Meanwhile,the STE anomaly appears around the region of the anomalous zonal wind.The fluctuation in jet strength shown in the second WPJS mode is strongly related to the heating anomaly in the Kuroshio Current region and the STE anomaly in the jet exit region.The third mode demonstrates a northward/southward shift of the WPJS,which has a statistical connection with a south-north dipolar pattern of the heating anomaly in the western North Pacific separated at 35°N.Meanwhile,the STE spatial displacement is in conjunction with jet shifts in the same direction.The heating anomaly has a close connection with the atmospheric circulation, and thus changes the mid-latitude baroclinicity,leading to the STE anomaly,which then reinforces the WPJS anomaly via internal atmospheric dynamics.  相似文献   

鼎湖山针阔叶混交林生态系统能量平衡分析   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

王春林  周国逸  王旭  周传艳  于贵瑞 《热带气象学报》2007,23(6):643-651

能量平衡分析作为评价涡度相关法通量观测数据可靠性方法，备受学界重视。应用OLS（Ordinary least squares）和EBR（Energy Balance Ratio）2种方法，系统分析了广东省鼎湖山针阔叶混交林生态系统能量平衡特点，并分析各种涡度通量修正方法对能量平衡的影响，结果表明鼎湖山通量站平均能力平衡不闭合度为33％-47％，略高于普遍报道的不闭合度范围（10％-30％）。WPL修正、μ＊订正和坐标转换，使得能量平衡闭合度有所提高，但夜间特别是冬季能量平衡较差问题依然没有得到根本解决，表明夜间弱湍流并不是导致夜间能量平衡闭合度差的主要原因。为客观评价本通量站以及ChinaFLUX能量平衡状况和通量数据质量，确定涡度相关法CO2通量数据分析方法和改进策略提供依据。  相似文献   

广西中尺度数值模式格点产品检验系统     

刘泽军黄嘉宏  林振敏 《广西气象》2007,28(4):34-36

根据WMO规定的数值预报标准化检验方案开发的数值预报格点产品检验系统,可以实时检验广西中尺度数值预报产品及9210下发的多种数值产品,可为数值模式的改进及数值产品的业务化应用提供直接的参考依据。  相似文献   

用多普勒雷达资料对一次区域性暴雨的中尺度分析     

王楠  刘勇  郭大梅 《气象》2007,33(8):29-34

利用多普勒雷达资料,对2006年6月2日夜间出现在陕西中部和北部地区的区域性暴雨过程进行分析。结果发现:低层暖湿急流和弱冷空气相互作用产生的两条中尺度辐合线是这一地区出现大暴雨的主要影响系统;低空东南急流为降水区提供的大量的水汽和不稳定能量堆积,在弱冷空气的触发下释放,是产生大暴雨的主要原因;低空急流的输送方向与中尺度辐合线的移动方向,决定了未来辐合线的发展状态;低空急流的日变化引起了暴雨夜发性。  相似文献   

空气动力学阻抗的测量研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘绍民 卢俐毛德发  胡明罡 《应用气象学报》2007,18(2):247-250

利用涡旋相关方法和蒸发皿方法分别测量了裸地和玉米田的空气动力学阻抗, 分析了空气动力学阻抗的日变化特征, 同时对两种测量方法进行了比较。结果表明:实测空气动力学阻抗的日变化比较明显, 但变化幅度不大 (0~200 s/m)。两种方法得到的空气动力学阻抗具有可比性, 但蒸发皿方法测量的空气动力学阻抗普遍小于涡旋相关方法的测量值。  相似文献   

《卫星水汽图像和位势涡度场在天气分析和预报中的应用》导读建设中尺度天气业务平台的若干科学技术问题Ⅰ： 科学问题与基本架构   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

倪允琪 《气象》2007,33(9):3-8

针对要建设中尺度天气业务平台所涉及的科学技术问题进行了深入的研讨,在此基础上提出解决这些科学技术问题必须采用的新技术与新理论,从而提出中尺度天气业务平台的建设思路和总体架构。  相似文献   

台风"云娜"(2004)近海加强的数值模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：8，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

季亮  费建芳  黄小刚  张根生 《气象科学》2007,27(5):530-535

本文利用非静力平衡的中尺度模式MM5(V3)对2004年14号台风RANANIM("云娜")在登陆前近海加强及登陆初期的过程进行了54 h模拟,并加入人造台风优化初始场。结果表明:MM5能比较好地模拟出台风近海及登陆初期的移动路径及台风中心气压的变化。利用数值模拟结果,讨论了RANANIM(2004)台风在近海加强过程中的环流、动力和热力结构特征。发现在台风RANANIM近海加强的过程中对应有高空200 hPa净辐散场的存在,台风中心气压随净辐散值的增大而降低,反之亦然。净辐散值的减小对台风中心气压的快速升高有着预示的作用;垂直环流在强度和空间分布上发生了明显的变化。台风加强后,台风中心上方出现了明显的补偿性下沉气流;对流层低层存在明显的冷暖空气堆积,且当冷暖空气强度相当时有利于台风的增强;台风中心上方的正涡度柱逐渐发展为东西不对称分布,垂直方向上伸展高度保持不变或升高,而且在量值上也要更大。  相似文献